Antioxidant Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Honeys of Apis mellifera of Obudu Cattle Ranch

Abstract

Honey is a naturally sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from the nectar of flowers. Proline, free amino acid, tannins, phenols and flavonoids content were determined in eight samples of Obudu cattle ranch honeys. Antioxidant content (ascorbic acid equivalent, quercetin equivalents, tocopherol content) and free radical scavenging activity of Obudu ranch honeys were determined by standard methods. The relationship existing between proline and antioxidant content with free radical scavenging activity was assessed by mathematical modelling using Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. Results of our study showed that Obudu ranch honey was of high quality having comparable total free amino acid, proline, phytochemical and antioxidant content with good quality honeys found elsewhere. α-Tocopherol content was 16.50 ± 1.40 µg/100 g, quercetin equivalent antioxidant content (QEAC) was 9.43 ± 0.9 mg/100 g, ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant content (AEAC) was 18.56 ± 1.78 mg/100 g, while the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the honey samples against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (RSA: IC50) was evaluated to be 12.74 ± 0.71mg/ml. Proline content, AEAC, QEAC and α-tocopherol were logistically related (r2 = 0.726, 0.971, 0.960  and 0.888 respectively) to the radical scavenging activity. The results obtained from the present study showed that Obudu ranch honeys were of high quality and possessed antioxidant and free radical scavenging property. Since proline content of the tested honey samples were comparable to proline content of unadulterated honey samples elsewhere, the commercial samples may not be adulterated Results showed that traditional usage of the honey for various medicinal usages may be related to its chemical content and radical scavenging property.