A Comprehensive Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Properties, and Clinical Efficacy of Garcinia gummi-gutta (Malabar Tamarind)

Abstract

Garcinia gummi-gutta, commonly known as Malabar tamarind, is a tropical fruit plant traditionally used in culinary and medicinal practices. The key bioactive compound in the fruit, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), has gained attention for its purported weight loss benefits through inhibition of fat synthesis and appetite suppression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties, and clinical efficacy of Garcinia gummi-gutta. The fruit is rich in flavonoids, xanthones, and benzophenones, contributing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties. Despite its popularity, clinical trials on HCA's effectiveness for weight management have yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for more standardized and long-term studies. The review also covers the safety profile, potential adverse effects, and regulatory concerns surrounding the use of Garcinia supplements. Overall, while Garcinia gummi-gutta shows promise as a therapeutic agent for weight loss and other health benefits, further research is essential to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.