Therapeutic Potential of the Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.): A Biomedical Perspective

Abstract

Silkworms (Bombyx mori L.), historically valued for silk production, are now gaining recognition as a source of diverse bioactive compounds with significant medicinal applications. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of silkworm derivatives - eggs, larvae, pupae, cocoons and moths highlighting their emerging role in modern biomedicine. Silkworm eggs are rich in glycoproteins and essential fatty acids, contributing to reproductive health, liver protection and embryonic development. Larvae, particularly during the fifth instar, exhibit potent antihyperglycemic activity due to high levels of 1-deoxynojirimycin, while their hemolymph contains antimicrobial peptides with immunomodulatory effects. Pupal extracts are rich in essential fatty acids, bioactive peptides, vitamins and chitin derivatives, offering antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antihypertensive and anticancer benefits. Cocoon proteins, notably fibroin and sericin, show promise in wound healing, drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Silk moths, traditionally discarded post-mating, are now utilized in therapeutic formulations such as medicinal wines and natural oils. Together, these findings underscore the immense potential of B. mori as a valuable resource for functional foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals, encouraging further research and sustainable utilization in human health applications.