Milk Production Trends in Gujarat and India: A Comparative Analysis of the Last Two Decades

Abstract

This research study conducts a comparative analysis of milk production, per capita availability, milch population, and dairy sector characteristics in Gujarat state vis-à-vis India over the past two decades (2001–2024). Using secondary data from sources like the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), the Gujarat Government Animal Husbandry Department, and other reputable organizations, the study explores the growth rates, trends, and developments in milk production in both Gujarat and India. Key findings reveal that Gujarat has consistently outperformed the national average in milk production growth, with a 212% increase in production from 5.86 million tonnes in 2001–02 to 18.31 million tonnes in 2023–24, compared to India’s 183% growth. Additionally, Gujarat’s share of national milk production rose from 6.95% in 2001–02 to 7.65% in 2023–24. The per capita availability of milk in Gujarat also surpassed the national average, increasing from 418 grams per day in 2009–10 to 700 grams per day in 2023–24, whereas India’s per capita availability increased from 273 grams per day in 2009–10 to 471 grams per day in 2023–24. The study also highlights the significant role of Gujarat’s cooperative dairy sector, particularly organizations like Amul, which have driven milk procurement growth, from 44.43 lakh litres per day in 2001–02 to 240.99 lakh litres per day in 2022–23. The shift in Gujarat's milch population composition, with an increasing reliance on buffaloes, is evident from data showing stable buffalo population growth despite a slight decrease in cattle numbers. In conclusion, Gujarat has demonstrated exemplary growth in its dairy sector, primarily through the cooperative model, resulting in higher milk production, greater per capita milk availability, and a stronger contribution to India’s dairy economy. This study underscores Gujarat’s pivotal role in shaping the national dairy landscape and its sustainable growth model, balancing production, farmer empowerment, and market access.