Nutritional Potential of 15 Local Plant Species in Preventing Mineral Deficiencies in Young Children in Niger

Abstract

Macroelements and trace elements are essential for the body to function properly.  The aim of this study was to determine the mineral composition of the products of 15 local species and their contribution to combating mineral deficiencies. Iron, phosphorus and zinc were determined by UV/visible spectrophotometer. Sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The rate of coverage of children's daily mineral requirements was determined according to Canadian government recommendations. The results show that Hyphaene thebaïca pulp contains the highest proportion of potassium (8000mg/100g M); and phosphorus in Arachis hypogaea seeds (662.72mg/100g) and Ziziphus mauritiana kernels (336.71mg/100g). Magnesium levels were highest in Adansonia digitata pulp (283.10mg/100g) and Hyphaene thebaïca (216.27mg/100g), while calcium levels were highest in Adansonia digitata pulp (194.39mg/100g) and Neocarya macrophylla kernel (128.26mg/100g). Sodium levels were highest in Arachis hypogaea seeds (344.91mg/100g). In addition, the highest iron contents were found in the kernel of Anacarduim occidentale (6.40mg/100g) and the seeds of Glycine max (5.80mg/100g) and Pennisetum glaucum (5.80mg/100g).  The highest zinc levels were found in almonds, notably Anacarduim occidentale (2.30mg/100g) and Zizyphus mauritiana (2.79mg/100g). More than 80% of the products from the species in this study meet more than 45% of the daily phosphorus requirements of children aged 7 to 12 months. Almonds from Anacarduim occidentale and Neocarya macrophylla provide over 40% of daily iron and zinc requirements for all age groups. These plant products could therefore be used in strategies to combat micronutrient deficiencies and even malnutrition.