Health-Promoting Polyphenols in Mulberry Fruits: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Mulberry (Morus spp.) fruits are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenolic acids, which contribute to a broad spectrum of biological activities. These naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-obesity effects. Their mechanisms of action involve the modulation of oxidative stress, inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and enhancement of cellular defense systems. Recent advances in phytochemical analysis and biomedical research have highlighted the potential of mulberry polyphenols as functional food components and therapeutic agents. This review comprehensively explores the composition, pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of polyphenols present in mulberry fruits, while also addressing current challenges in bioavailability and formulation. The findings support the integration of mulberry-based polyphenols into preventive health strategies and suggest promising avenues for future nutraceutical development.