Development of Biodegradable Packaging Material from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Kernel Powder

Abstract

The increasing environmental hazards caused by the extensive use of synthetic plastic packaging have created a global demand for biodegradable alternatives derived from renewable and sustainable resources. The present study was undertaken to develop an eco-friendly packaging film utilizing polysaccharides extracted from Tamarindus indica kernels in combination with corn flour, glycerol, and vinegar through the processes of heat gelatinization and casting. A total of nine distinct formulations were prepared and evaluated to determine the most suitable composition for mechanical, physical, and functional performance. Among these, Trial 9 exhibited the best overall properties, with a thickness of 0.05 mm, bursting strength of 3.25 kPa, and tearing strength of 79 N, indicating excellent stability and tensile performance. The developed films were further examined for biodegradability, which revealed complete decomposition within 15 days under natural soil conditions, confirming their environmentally sustainable nature. A consumer awareness survey conducted within the Satara region demonstrated that 82% of participants preferred biodegradable packaging materials, although their willingness to pay a premium was relatively limited. Shelf-life evaluation indicated enhanced stability when the film was used with an additional primary packaging layer, thereby improving its practical application potential. The study establishes that tamarind kernel-based films are cost-effective, biodegradable, and possess desirable mechanical strength, making them a promising replacement for synthetic plastic packaging. Their production offers potential benefits not only in reducing environmental pollution but also in promoting the utilization of agricultural by-products for sustainable material development. Overall, this research highlights the viability of tamarind kernel polysaccharides as a natural resource for producing biodegradable packaging films, contributing significantly to waste reduction and environmental conservation.