Pharmacological Properties of Curcuma aromatica Salisb and Scope for Its Cultivation in Northeastern Region of India

Abstract

Curcuma aromatica Salisb., also known as wild turmeric, is a perennial herb native to South and Southeast Asia, particularly India. It is renowned for its rhizomatous growth, distinct camphoraceousodor, and light yellow-orange rhizomes. The plant has a long-standing history in traditional medicine, especially in Ayurveda, where it has been used for over 6,000 years to treat various ailments, including skin diseases, digestive issues and infections. Rich in bioactive compounds such as curcumin, essential oils, terpenoids and flavonoids, C. aromatica exhibits significant pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer effects. Beyond medicinal uses, it is valued in the cosmetic and food industries for its aromatic and antioxidant properties. In Northeast India, the plant holds cultural significance among local tribes, who utilize it for various health conditions. The rising demand for natural products has increased its economic importance, providing opportunities for sustainable farming. C. aromatica thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in Northeast India, where favorable conditions support its cultivation. Sustainable propagation through micropropagation techniques can help preserve genetic diversity while meeting market demands. Future research is needed to further explore its therapeutic potential and integrate it into modern healthcare practices. Hence, the present review was designed to provide a comprehensive view of the pharmacological properties of Curcuma aromatica and to explore the potential for its sustainable cultivation in the Northeastern region of India, with a focus on enhancing its economic and cultural significance.