Perspectives of Ward In-charges on Strategies to Control Nurse Emigration in Selected Hospitals in Tamale, Ghana: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Nurse migration remains a significant concern for healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries, including Ghana, as it exacerbates workforce shortages and affects healthcare delivery. Despite its impact, limited research has explored the underlying factors driving migration intentions among nurses in these settings. The aim of the study is to explore the perspectives of ward in-charges on the strategies to control nurse emigration in selected hospitals in Tamale, Ghana. Methods: A qualitative study design was employed. Eleven nurses were recruited using convenience sampling, with interviews conducted until data saturation was reached. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews lasting 10–20 minutes, guided by an interview guide pretested and validated through cognitive interviews. Interviews were recorded with participant consent, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically to identify key factors contributing to migration intentions. Results: The findings revealed that poor working conditions, including resource shortages and excessive workload, were significant contributors to migration intentions. Nurses expressed dissatisfaction with inadequate remuneration and limited opportunities for career advancement. Insufficient management support further fueled their intent to emigrate. Participants emphasized the lack of institutional incentives and professional growth opportunities as major barriers to retention within the healthcare system. Conclusion: The study highlights systemic issues within the healthcare environment that drive nurse emigration intentions. Addressing these challenges through improved working conditions, competitive remuneration, and enhanced career development opportunities is critical to retaining nurses and ensuring sustainable healthcare delivery.