Global Food Security and Environmental Challenges in the Face of Climate Change

Abstract

This review examines the principles of Climate-smart agriculture (CSA), including sustainable intensification, climate-resilient practices, and greenhouse gas mitigation techniques. Climate change disrupts food production through rising temperatures, unpredictable weather, and resource scarcity. CSA, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), refers to a purposeful method of sustainable development that leverages the potential of agriculture to respond to food security in the face of global heating. CSA emerges as a strategic approach to mitigate these challenges by enhancing agricultural resilience, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring sustainable food production. Additionally, it explores the socio-economic and technological barriers hindering CSA adoption and proposes policy frameworks to facilitate widespread implementation. By integrating innovative farming practices, such as agroforestry, water conservation, and precision agriculture, CSA can ensure long-term food security in the face of climate change. Ultimately, transitioning to climate-smart agricultural systems is imperative for sustaining global food production while addressing environmental sustainability and economic viability.