Vitamins Contents in Edible Parts of Some Mucilaginous Food Plants from Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Aims: To assess the vitamin contents in different edible parts of nine mucilaginous food plants (MFPs) consumed by the Ivorian population. Study Design: MFPs edible parts were dried and vitamin parameters analyzed. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Bioscienes Unit, at Félix Houphouet-boigny University between January 2013 to December 2014. Methodology: The acquirement of the plants has been done in 3 big regions (Tonkpi, Bélier and District of Abidjan) of Côte d’Ivoire. To achieve this study, 100 kg of fresh fruits and masts of the species I. gabonensis, I. wombolu and B. mannii have been bought to the farmer in the region of the Tonkpi. A same quantity of leaves, calyx and flowers of B. buonopozense has been harvested in the region of Bélier. As well as 100 kg of leaves of C. olitorius, M. arboreus, A. digitata and varieties tomi and koto of A. esculentus have been bought to the Gouro market in the District of Abidjan. HPLC techniques were used for the separation and quantification of β-carotene, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin k) and the water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and folic acid. Also, estimated daily intake and contribution to dietary recommended intake have been evaluated for Ivorian adult of 70 kg. Results: ¶¶There was wide variation in the vitamin concentration depending on the plant source and the part of the  plant ranging per 100 grams dry matter for  α-tocopherol (5.15-70.83 mg), β-carotene (70-4340 RE) and phylloquinone (0.014-1.97 mg), thiamine (0.25-2.22 mg), riboflavin (0.01-1.61 mg), niacin (0.06-1.07 mg), pyridoxine (0.6×10-2- 1.67 mg) and folic acid (0.3×10-2 - 0.66 mg). ¶The kernels were rich sources of α-tocopherol, while the fruits were rich in fruits majority and thiamine, pyridoxine, folic acid, while the leaves and flowers were richest in β-carotene, vitamin E and K and contributed 0.60% to 3.79% of the daily requirement of fat-soluble vitamins. The estimated daily intake for each food ranged between 0.1 and 0.7 g/day with estimated total daily foods consumed of  1018.1 g. ¶¶ Conclusion: MFPs ¶Mvalorisation could contribute to ensure the nutritional safety and bring more incomes to Ivorian populations.¶