Triorchidism, a Rare Genitourinary Anomaly: A Case Report

Abstract

Polyorchidism is an exceedingly rare congenital urogenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than two testicles. Triorchidism, a subtype of polyorchidism, is also an exceptionally uncommon congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract, where three testicles are present. Triorchidism tends to be more prevalent than other forms of polyorchidism. Clinical manifestations may include a painless scrotal mass, an inguinal mass, or an undescended testis. In cases of triorchidism, the supernumerary testicle may be located in various anatomical regions, with 66% found in the scrotum, 23% in the inguinal canal, and 9% in the abdomen. Interestingly, around 50% of reported cases occur in individuals aged between 15 and 40 years, with very few instances documented in children under 2 years of age. Notably, the left side of the testicles is the   most common location for the supernumerary testicle, accounting for 65% of cases. This report describes a 45-year-old man who presented with left-sided epididymitis. Upon further investigation through ultrasonography, a diagnosis of triorchidism was confirmed. The case was managed conservatively, and the patient was advised to undergo regular follow-up examinations.