Pheochromocytoma is a hormone secreting benign neuroendocrine tumor of adrenal medulla containing chromaffin cells. These cells are located in the medulla of an adrenal gland, they release certain hormones, mainly epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine(non-adrenaline). When a...
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma is an infrequent, non-cancerous tumor occurring in the pancreas, typically found in isolation within the body or tail of the organ and potentially linked to Van-Hippel-Lindau syndrome. The size of these cystadenomas can range from 1 cm to 20 cm, disp...
Perineal ectopic testis is an uncommon congenital anomaly observed in less than 1% of undescended testis cases. Typically, it arises from either an overdeveloped lengthening of a segment of the gubernaculum or an obstruction at the entrance to the scrotum. Diagnosis is usually st...
Polyorchidism is an exceedingly rare congenital urogenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than two testicles. Triorchidism, a subtype of polyorchidism, is also an exceptionally uncommon congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract, where three testicles are presen...
Cross testicular ectopia is an exceptionally rare congenital urogenital anomaly where both gonads migrate towards the same hemiscrotum. This condition is typically accompanied by other abnormalities like persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, inguinal hernia, true hermaphroditism, h...
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an exceptionally rare clinical syndrome, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-2 cases per million. This condition is characterized by the extensive accumulation of gelatinous ascites within the peritoneal cavity, and while it typically originates from...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/arjgo/2024/v7i1206
Lymphangioma of the epididymis is a rare condition that originates from the sequestration of lymphatic tissue, leading to a lack of normal communication with the lymphatic system. It consists of unilocular or multilocular lymphatic cysts lined by a single layer of endothelium. Th...
Squamous cell carcinomas developing along the waistline as a result of prolonged wearing of cotton garments such as dhoti in males and sarees in females are predominantly observed in the traditional Indian population. This specific type of waistline squamous cell cancer in Indian...
Annular pancreas is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of a ring of pancreatic tissue that partially or completely encircles the second part of the duodenum. This condition results from the failure of the vertical pancreatic bud to rotate properly, leading to its...
Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a hereditary condition characterized by the presence of benign hamatomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract that typically develop before the age of 20. These polyps can range in number from 5 to 200 and often lead to symptoms such as gastroint...
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly that occurs due to abnormal rotation and fixation of the intestine when it returns to the abdominal cavity during fatal development. There have been only 92 documented cases of this condition in medical literature. The incidence of m...
Abdominal Cocoon is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction characterized by the complete or partial encapsulation of the small bowel due to the formation of a fibro-collagenous membrane. This condition is predominantly observed in young adolescent girls. It is also known by...
Splenic cysts are a rare condition, with an incidence of only 0.07%, and there have been approximately 800 reported cases in the English literature to date. These cysts can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on whether they have an epithelial lining. They can also b...
Internal hernias can be either congenital or acquired. Meyers described several main types of internal hernias, including paraduodenal, pericecal, foramen of Winslow, transomental, transmesenteric, transmesocolic, intersigmoid, and retroanastomotic hernias. While the overall inci...
Internal abdominal hernias are a rare condition, making up only 0.9% of all cases of intestinal obstruction. Among these, Paraduodenal hernias are exceptionally rare, comprising approximately 53% of all internal hernias. They are more frequently found in the left Paraduodenal fos...
A Pericecal hernia is a relatively uncommon form of internal hernia, accounting for only 6-13% of all cases of abdominal internal hernias. It presents with clinical symptoms that closely resemble appendicitis, often causing severe lower abdominal pain and potential complications....
Transomental internal hernias are an exceptionally uncommon form of internal hernias. However, they can occur even in patients without prior surgical procedures due to age-related omental atrophy. Transomental hernias, whether through the greater or lesser omentum, are infrequent...
Jejunal perforation, a tear in the jejunum, can occur as a result of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), such as impact from a steering wheel during a car or truck accident. This injury typically results from the sudden compression of the abdomen against the steering wheel, leading to...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajcrs/2025/v8i2664
Retroperitoneal hematoma is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening condition that rarely requires surgical intervention. In most cases, uncomplicated retroperitoneal hematomas are managed conservatively with close observation, blood transfusions, and correction of coagulopa...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajcrs/2025/v8i2655
The severity of injuries is influenced by the weight and speed of the bullock cart wheels, which can cause serious trauma to both solid and hollow abdominal organs. We report two cases involving boys aged 8 years, who sustained blunt abdominal trauma after falling from and being...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i2291
Small bowel perforation due to blunt abdominal trauma is an uncommon but serious condition that can result in peritonitis and sepsis if not promptly treated. The most frequent causes include motor vehicle accidents, bicycle handlebar injuries, and, in rare instances—particularly...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajcrs/2025/v8i1648
Cystosarcoma phyllodes, also known as phyllodes tumor, is a rare breast neoplasm that can occur in men, though it is more commonly seen in women. The majority of phyllodes tumors are benign, but some can be borderline or frankly malignant. These tumors are biphasic fibroepithelia...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1278
Lipomas are slow-growing, benign mesenchymal tumors composed of mature fat cells. A giant lipoma of the male breast is an unusually large, non-cancerous fatty tumor. Typically, a lipoma is classified as "giant" if it measures at least 10 cm in any dimension or weighs more than 10...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajcrs/2025/v8i1628
Choledochal cysts are congenital or acquired anomalies affecting the biliary system, characterized by dilation of the bile ducts. While the common bile duct (choledochus) is typically involved, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts may also be affected. The clinical prese...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1277
A rare disorder called situs inversus partialis (SIP) is characterized by the transposition of organs in the abdomen or thoracic cavity from one side of the body to the other (the mirror image of normal). Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, rare genetic mutations, and X-link...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1270
Left-sided appendicitis is a rare condition caused by congenital abnormalities such as situs inversus totalis (SIT) or midgut malrotation (MM). In some cases, an unusually long appendix on the right side may extend into the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, leading to an atypic...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1267
Laparoscopy has revolutionized the management of Meckel’s diverticulum (M.D.), offering new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as Meckel’s scan, radiographic contrast studies, ultrasonography, and CT scans, often have limitations in ac...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1257
Primary omental torsion is an uncommon condition characterized by the twisting of a segment of the omentum along its long axis to the extent that its vascular supply is compromised, resulting in omental gangrene. This condition arises when a mobile, thick segment of the omentum r...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1256
Gossypiboma is caused by accidental retention of surgical sponges or swab in the body after the surgery. The abdominal cavity is the most common site of retained surgical sponges, which is usually rarely reported because of the fear of medico legal problems. Factors contributing...