Biological Activity of Aqueous and Hydro-ethanolic Extracts of a Polyherbal Mixture (Ficus capensis, Newbouldia laevis, Carpolobia lutea) on the Blood of SS Sickle Cell Patients

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic haemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence of haemoglobin S, leading to red blood cell deformation, chronic haemolysis, and vaso-occlusive crises. Oxidative stress and biochemical imbalances play a central role in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro biological activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of a polyherbal formulation (Ficus capensis, Newbouldia laevis, and Carpolobia lutea) on the blood of patients with SS genotype sickle cell disease, with a focus on macromolecules and essential minerals. Blood samples from SS patients were treated with the different extracts. Biochemical analyses were performed to quantify macromolecules (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) and minerals (zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, and sodium). Statistical analyses were conducted to assess differences between treatments. Both extracts exhibited significant biological activity, with the hydro-ethanolic extract showing a more pronounced effect on protein and lipid levels. Mineral concentrations were favorably modulated, particularly zinc, magnesium, calcium, copper, and iron, suggesting potential improvements in enzymatic activity, membrane stability, and oxygen transport. Sodium homeostasis was also positively influenced. These findings suggest that the studied plant extracts may contribute to the modulation of biochemical and mineral imbalances associated with sickle cell disease. However, further studies are required to identify the active compounds and to validate these effects through in vivo and clinical investigations.