Biofortification Strategies in Millets for Enhanced Nutritional Value: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Biofortification, the process of enhancing the nutritional content of crops through breeding or biotechnology, has emerged as a promising strategy to combat malnutrition, particularly in regions where millets are staple food crops. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth examination of biofortification strategies aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of millets, focusing on key micronutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin A, and others. Drawing upon a wide range of scientific literature, the review explores the latest advancements in conventional breeding approaches, genetic engineering methods, and agronomic practices for biofortified millet production. Additionally, the review discusses emerging trends in millet biofortification research, including the integration of climate-resilient traits and the exploration of novel biofortification targets. Furthermore, the review evaluates strategies for scaling up biofortified millet production and integration into agricultural systems, highlighting the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration, extension services, market development, and policy support. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future directions, this review aims to inform researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders about the potential of biofortified millets to improve nutrition and food security for vulnerable populations worldwide.