Biochemical Modulation of Streptozotocin Neurotoxicity by Cinnamonum Verum Bark Extract in Wistar Rats

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Cinnamomum verum bark extract on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty five (25) Male Wistar rats weighing between 93.4 -107.6g were divided into five groups: Group A: Control, Group B 65mg/kg STZ, Group C 65mg/kg STZ + 200mg/kg cinnamomum verum extract, Group D 65mg/kg STZ-induced + 400mg/kg Cinnamonum Verum extract and Group E 600mg/kg Cinnamomum verum extract for 28 days. STZ was administered intraperitoneally to induce neurotoxicity, followed by oral administration of Cinnamomum verum bark extract. Neurobehavioral test using Ymaze were conducted to assess cognitive functions. Biochemical assays measured oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain tissue. Hippocampal absorbance rates and latency periods were also measured to assess hippocampal intergrity and cognitive performance. The extract showed a significant increase in cognitive functions compared to the STZ-induced group. There was a marked reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), and an increase in antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione. Treatment with Cinnamomum verum bark extract particularly in Group D and E, significantly reduced (p≤0.005) MDA levels and restored SOD and GTT levels, suggesting enhanced antioxidant protection. In the Y-maze, the STZ only group showed prolonged latency periods, reflecting impaired spatial learning and memory. Cinnamonum verum bark treatment notably reduced latency period in Group D and E,demonstrating improved cognitive function. Furthermore, hippocampal absorbance rates were significantly attenuates STZ induced cognitive impairment in male wistar rats. The extract enhances antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative stress and improves cognitive performance, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease.