Artificial Light Spectra and Its Impact on Plant Physiological Processes and Secondary Metabolism

Abstract

Understanding the effects of artificial light spectra on plant physiological processes and secondary metabolism is critical for optimizing plant growth and productivity, particularly in controlled environment agriculture. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on this topic, exploring the fundamental principles of light spectra, their impacts on plant physiology, including photosynthesis and growth, as well as on secondary metabolism. Artificial light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), have been shown to significantly influence these plant processes, owing to their controllable spectra and intensities. These artificial light spectra can enhance photosynthetic efficiency, manipulate growth and development, and stimulate the production of valuable secondary metabolites. The review further discusses the potential applications of this understanding in sectors like agriculture, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and even space agriculture. However, the interactions of artificial light spectra with other environmental factors, the development of custom light recipes for specific plant species or cultivars, and the need for long-term studies are identified as areas needing further research. This review contributes to the growing body of literature exploring the opportunities and challenges of utilizing artificial light spectra for improving plant performance and secondary metabolite production.