Exploring the Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Mental Health in Adolescents

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for mental health, with conditions like depression and anxiety becoming increasingly prevalent. Emerging evidence suggests that diet influences mental well-being, with processed food consumption linked to higher risks of mood disorders, while nutrient-rich diets promote emotional resilience. Despite this, gaps remain in understanding the long-term effects and biological mechanisms of diet on adolescent mental health. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2010 to 2024. Search terms included "adolescent diet," "mental health and nutrition," and "gut-brain axis." Inclusion criteria prioritized peer-reviewed, empirical studies on diet and mental health, while exclusion criteria filtered out non-empirical and non-English studies. Data were synthesized using a narrative approach, identifying themes on dietary patterns, nutrient deficiencies, and intervention strategies. Conclusion: Findings indicate that unhealthy diets increase mental health risks, while nutrient-dense diets support emotional well-being. Deficiencies in omega-3, vitamin B12, and iron correlate with higher depression and anxiety rates. The gut-brain axis plays a role in mood regulation, suggesting potential dietary interventions. While school-based programs and supplementation show promise, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality and inform public health policies.