Linking the Role of Biomarkers Network in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiovascular Risk Development

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major problem. This study was undertaken to highlight the role of biomarkers network in cardiovascular diabetic complications. Methods: 45 sex and age-matched subjects were included; 15 healthy controls, 15 T2DM patients without history of CVD and 15 T2DM patients with CVD. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fetuin A, interleukin-4 (IL-4), nitric oxide (NO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) were analyzed. Results: Upregulated expression of GDF-15 and increased levels of PAI-1, IL-4 and AOPPs were observed in T2DM patients when compared with normal control group with higher values were detected in T2DM patients with CVD. Meanwhile, fetuin A and NO levels were statistically lowered among diabetic patients. Conclusions: PAI-1, IL-4, fetuin A, GDF-15, NO and AOPPs play potential roles in the development of CV complications in diabetic subjects; which may represent promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.