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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Nanotech for Fertilizers and Nutrients-Improving Nutrient use Efficiency with Nano-Enabled Fertilizers

Manish Singh, Suhana Puri Goswami, Ranjitha G., Prashun Sachan, Devid Kumar Sahu, Shreedhar Beese, Shivam Kumar Pandey

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International · pp. 220–247 · Published 18 Mar 2024

10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52372

Abstract

The development of nano-enabled fertilizers presents new opportunities to improve crop nutrient use efficiency and reduce environmental impacts of agriculture. Nanoparticles, nano capsules, and nano clays can be engineered to control the release rate of nutrients to better match crop demands over time. Slow-release nano fertilizers may enhance nutrient absorption by plants while mitigating nutrient losses to the environment. Additionally, nano fertilizers can facilitate co-delivery of nutrients, growth regulators, and pesticides, allowing for more precise crop management practices. This review synthesizes current research on synthesis techniques, characterization methods, and agronomic testing results for a range of nano fertilizer products. Key nutrient carriers reviewed include mesoporous silica nanoparticles, layered double hydroxides, cellulose nanocrystals, and halloysite nanotubes loaded with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. Release kinetics depend on nano fertilizer composition, size, and shape, as well as environmental conditions. Field studies indicate positive impacts of nano fertilizers on crop yield, nutrient use efficiency, and pest resistance compared to conventional fertilizer formulations. However, questions remain regarding large-scale feasibility, economic viability, environmental fate, and biological impacts of nano-enabled fertilizers. Ongoing interdisciplinary research across the domains of materials science, agronomy, ecology, and economics is required to develop nano fertilizers that maximize production efficiency while minimizing risks.

Nano fertilizers nutrient use efficiency slow release nanoparticle carriers crop yield

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