GC-MS Analysis and Antiplasmodial Potentials of Bioactive Compounds Present in Methanolic and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Daniella oliveri

Abstract

Qualitative, quantitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are useful for the determination of bioactive components necessary for accessing the antiplasmodial potentials of methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts of Daniella oliveri (D. oliveri). The aim of the study was to screen D. oliveri for the detection of phytochemical components and determination of bioactive compounds using qualitative, quantitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analytical techniques. The leaves were collected in Anyigba, from which methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared, phytochemical components detected and bioactive compounds determined using GC-MS. Results showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, reducing sugar, saponin, terpenoid, phenol, cardiac glycosides and flavonoid in the extracts. Phenol showed the highest concentration (46.14 and 43.09 mg/100g) while terpenoid showed the lowest concentration (10.63 and 9.97 mg/100g) in methanolic and ethanolic extracts respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of higher components (57) in methanolic extract compared to ethanolic extract (27). This study provides scientific evidence that methanol may be a better extraction solvent for GC-MS analysis of D. oliveri leaves meant to be used for the determination of antiplasmodial activity than ethanol due to higher components detected in methanolic extract compared to ethanolic extract.