Prevalence and Burden of Needlestick Injuries Among Healthcare Workers in a Catholic Hospital, Ghana: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

Background: Needlestick injuries (NSIs) represent a significant occupational risk for healthcare workers (HCWs) globally, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Ghana. These injuries not only expose HCWs to serious blood-borne infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, and C but also contribute to substantial psychological distress and economic burdens. Despite existing preventive measures, underreporting and inadequate management of NSIs remain persistent challenges that hinder effective occupational health interventions. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers at Catholic Hospital, Battor, identify key occupational and organizational contributors and evaluate the associated psychological and economic burdens. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 HCWs involved in direct patient care. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA 14, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with eight (8) HCWs who had experienced NSIs and were analyzed thematically. Results: The prevalence of NSIs among participants was 34.16%, with nurses and midwives constituting the majority (75.36%) of affected individuals. No variable showed a statistically significant association with NSI occurrence. Formal reporting of NSIs was low, with only 42.55% of cases documented. Economic burdens primarily arose from increased nutritional demands during post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), incurring costs ranging from 50 to 100 US dollars, often unaffordable for affected workers. Psychologically, respondents reported fear of infection, anxiety, insomnia, and emotional distress, with some contemplating resignation due to repeated injuries. Qualitative narratives highlighted feelings of trauma, stigma, and inadequate institutional support, further exacerbated underreporting and compromised mental well-being. Conclusion: NSIs remain a prevalent yet underreported occupational hazard among healthcare workers in Catholic Hospital, Battor, contributing to significant psychological and economic consequences. To mitigate these challenges, comprehensive strategies including strengthening workplace safety, fostering supportive reporting cultures, and enhancing post-exposure support services, are urgently needed. These interventions are critical to safeguarding healthcare workers’ well-being and ensuring sustainable healthcare delivery in Ghana.