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Viral Hepatitis Prevalence among Tribal and Non-Tribal Hospitalised Patients in Northeast India with a Note on its Prevalence before and During COVID-19

Harpreet Kaur, Biswajyoti Borkakoty, Kyrshanlang G Lynrah, Tapan Majumdar, Khumukcham Lokeshwar Singh, Basumoti Apum, Sangit Dutta, Lalrothuama, Temsu, Yogesh Verma, Subhash Medhi, Provash Chandra Sadhukhan, Vijay Kumar Karra, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Sriram Kannan, Amit Solanki, Mamta Singh, Anjan Jyoti Talukdar, Clarissa Jane Lyngdoh, Phukan AC, Nalini Sharma, Anup Kumar Das, Bhaskar Jyoti Saikia, Kanagasabai Kaliaperumal, Rajarshi Gupta, Lokhendra Singh, Ajanta Sharma, Tanma Saikia Das, Tanwir Alam, Kharibam Paikhomba Singh, Pradip Bhaumick, Jahar Lalbaidya, Star Pala, MD Ghaznavi Idris, Lalchhandama C, Lalawmpuia, Temsusashi, Amlan Gupta, Chhophellamtha S, Dipankar Biswas, Tali T, Tatak Obi, Moumita Majumdar, Wasifa Parween, Namita Deb, Neelanjana Sarmah, Simanta Kalita, Partha Pratim Das, Romi Khangembam, Asang Jamir, Lalmuansangi C, Roza Larilang Marbaniang

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety · pp. 317–335 · Published 4 Jul 2024

10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i71483

Abstract

Background: India is rich in tribal population including north-east India. This research of ours is based on viral hepatitis diagnosis (HBV, HCV, HDV. HAV. HEV) and prevalence in the eight north eastern states of India (namely Assam, Arunachal, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram) that are in locations bordering other countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. The article intercompares the viral hepatitis prevalence pattern in tribal and non-tribal patients in the north eastern states of India as well as the overall prevalence pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19. Methodology: This cross-sectional study data on prevalence of viral hepatitis conducted in the 8 north eastern states of India between 2018-2022 has data. two years before the onset of COVID-19 (2018-2019) and 2 years during the COVID-19 (2020-2022). This manuscript presents retrospective comparison on viral hepatitis prevalence between the recruited viral hepatitis patients of tribal and non-tribal origin. This work also compares viral hepatitis prevalence pre-COVID19 and during COVID-19 with no planned work done on COVID-19 diagnostics.  Results: In this study, it was observed that younger adult tribal viral hepatitis patients in northeast India had higher prevalence of viral hepatitis than non-tribal patents of the same age group whereas older adult non-tribal patients had higher prevalence of viral hepatitis than tribal patients of the same age group. Certain tribes like Lushai of Mizoram had higher prevalence of HDV, HCV, HEV. Hepatitis B vaccination status was better in non-tribals than tribals in the recruited patients. Further in certain states like Manipur and Tripura exhibited significant difference in the diagnostic marker prevalence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and liver cirrhosis patients before COVID and during COVID.  Conclusion: There were differences in the prevalence and risk factors of viral hepatitis between tribal and non-tribal patients of viral hepatitis in northeast India. Further COVID-19 did have influence on the viral hepatitis prevalence in northeast India.

COVID19 hepatitis HBV HCV HAV HEV tribal non-tribal Northeast India

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