Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Attending Mbarara City Council Health Center IV

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading opportunistic infection and cause of death among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Co-infection complicates treatment outcomes and increases disease burden. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB among HIV-positive individuals and identify associated risk factors at Mbarara City Council Health Center IV in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive patients attending Mbarara City Council Health Center IV. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and clinical records, and TB diagnosis was confirmed through standard diagnostic methods. Statistical analysis was performed to determine prevalence and assess associations between TB and demographic variables. Results: Out of the total respondents, 19 (17.3%) HIV-positive individuals were found to have active tuberculosis (95% CI: 0.313–0.432). TB prevalence was higher among males, individuals aged 51 years and above, children aged 15 years and below, and business persons. Male patients were 4.9 times more likely to have TB compared to females (OR = 4.91; 95% CI: 0.733–3.910; p = 0.001). Older adults (≥51 years) and young children were also significantly more likely to be co-infected (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed a relatively high burden of TB among HIV-infected individuals at Mbarara City Council Health Center IV, with age, gender, and occupation being significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted TB screening, prevention, and integrated care approaches within HIV treatment programs, especially for vulnerable subgroups.