Results from a Compliance Study of Food Fortification in Nigeria and Implications on Regulatory Monitoring

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to: 1) ascertain the levels of compliance with national fortification standards for vitamin A and iron; and 2) use the results as an advocacy tool to improve compliance and regulatory monitoring. Methods: The study was carried out in 2012 using quantitative devices (BioAnalyt iCheck Ex-Flouro, Ex-Chroma and Ex-Iron) for the measurement of vitamin A and iron in sugar, vegetable oil and flour. Laboratory analyses were also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy for comparison. A total of 293 samples were collected from six geopolitical zones. Results: 16.7%, 11.6% and 2% of sugar, vegetable oil and flour respectively met the minimum levels of fortification standards for vitamin A. 28.6% of flour samples met minimum levels for iron. Based on the results, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) developed a monitoring tool for retail samples.  Trained food and port inspectors have been put in place. Conclusions:  The outcome of this study revealed that food fortification compliance in Nigeria is low. The study and its effective dissemination prompted remedial action from NAFDAC. Monitoring tools and capacity building activities were revised and are now being implemented. Compliance studies can be used to inform stakeholders of the status of food fortification efforts and help guide programs towards improved health impact.