Public Transportation and Urban Tourism Transformation: A Case Study of Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) Jakarta

Abstract

Aims: There is a lack of comprehensive, evidence based studies that link transportation accessibility directly with tourism competitiveness and sustainable development in PIK. So this study thoroughly analyzes various perspectives from stakeholders regarding public transportation in the Pantai Indah Kapuk tourist area and offers targeted solutions that have a significant positive impact on tourism. Study Design:  A combined qualitative and quantitative study design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Jakarta, specifically in the Pantai Indah Kapuk area, for 6 months (February-July 2025). Methodology: A mixed quantitative and qualitative method using two types of populations. The research population for the quantitative component focuses on transportation users, namely all public transportation users relevant to access to PIK (e.g., TransJakarta users, online transportation, or other transportation going to/through PIK). The population for the qualitative component in this case includes public transportation operators serving routes to PIK, PIK tourism destination management or operators, as well as representatives of local communities or businesses around PIK that are affected by tourist visits and transportation. The quantitative data collection technique uses a structured questionnaire with indicators of accessibility, vehicle capacity, smoothness and speed, and public transportation service quality (SERVQUAL) using a Likert scale. Results: This study assessed the effectiveness of public transportation in the Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) area, Jakarta. The main modes of transportation included Transjakarta, DAMRI, shuttle buses, tourist vehicles, and KRL access. A survey of 108 respondents showed that public services were effective, integrated, and supported tourist mobility, especially for those of productive age (28–43 years). Satisfaction with overall service. 52.8% agree and 19.4% strongly agree with the overall quality of PIK public transportation. With a total of more than 70% of respondents satisfied, it can be concluded that PIK public transportation is effective, although there is still room for improvement. The majority of users were satisfied with the quality of service, but there were obstacles such as traffic congestion, limited fleet, and access to bus stops. Qualitative analysis suggested strategic solutions such as adding routes and fleets, digitizing services, weather-friendly bus stops, and public education to improve transportation comfort and accessibility. Conclusion: The survey shows that the majority of PIK visitors have a positive assessment of integration, economic impact, staff service, and overall satisfaction with public transportation. Neutral responses emerged in terms of waiting time, capacity, and comfort. PIK 2 is considered effective in attracting tourists, but improvements are needed in terms of fleet, bus stops, and security. The findings imply that urban tourism and transportation planning in PIK should prioritize improving comfort, fleet capacity, stop facilities, and safety standards while strengthening integration across transport modes.