Variability Analysis for Growth and Yield Contributing Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Grown in Karnal Conditions of Haryana

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major crop in the Solanaceae family with a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 24, is widely consumed in multiple forms—fresh, in salads, as a culinary ingredient, or processed into products like tomato paste, diced or peeled tomatoes, juices, and soups. It is a rich source of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, contributing significantly to a balanced and healthy diet. Given its nutritional importance and commercial value, identifying high-performing genotypes with desirable growth and yield traits is crucial. The present study estimated the variability analysis for Growth and Yield Contributing Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Grown in Karnal Conditions of Haryana. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2016–17 at the Regional Research Station, Karnal, and the Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Among the evaluated genotypes, Punjab Upma recorded the highest plant height (60.78 cm), NT-8 had the maximum number of branches per plant (7.00), Punjab Chhuhara showed the largest polar diameter (6.76 cm), and Castle Rock had the highest equatorial diameter (5.11 cm). The thickest pericarp (7.44 mm) was observed in DVRT-8, while DVRT-5 produced the highest number of marketable fruits per plant (38.53). The maximum marketable fruit weight per plant (1356.70 g) was found in PNR-7. Additionally, the minimum number of unmarketable fruits per plant (7.90) was recorded in S-12, and the earliest flowering (36.67 days to 50% flowering) was observed in Pusa Ruby. These findings highlight the potential of certain genotypes for improving tomato productivity and sustainability. Most traits showed high heritability and genetic advance, particularly those related to yield and plant architecture, suggesting the presence of additive gene action and good potential for genetic improvement through selection. These results underline the importance of exploiting superior genotypes for enhancing tomato productivity in breeding programs. The study offers useful insights for both researchers and growers in selecting suitable genotypes for enhanced tomato cultivation.