Value Addition on Trend of Tuberculosis Disease in India- The Current Update

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is infectious diseases were the lungs are mostly affected. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and is spread when a person already affected with TB coughs, sneezes, spits, laughs, or talk. Even though it’s is contagious does not easily catch i.e. chances of catching TB are much higher with someone you live with or work than from a stranger. Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB) arises when the antibiotic fails to kill bacteria. MDR-TB can be treatable and curable with specific anti-TB drugs but unfortunately, these are limited in quantities or not readily available. As per WHO around 4,50,000 people developed MDR-TB in the year 2012. People with a weak immune system are at maximum risk of active TB development. For instance, HIV conquers the immune system, making it harder for the body to control TB bacteria. People infected with both HIV and TB are 20-30% more probable to develop active TB than those who do not have HIV. Besides, WHO estimates, every year 9 million people get sick with TB and 3 million with these are “missed” by health systems. Among the top 3 causes of death in women between 15- 44 TB is one the major cause. The symptoms of TB may be mild for many months and can infect 10-15 other people through close contact. This study involves a comparative evaluation of the presence of Tuberculosis concerning factors such as socioeconomic status, sex ratio, age, addiction of nicotine or alcohol, etc. All the screenings were based upon various methods of diagnosis used in pulmonary tuberculosis such as Ziehl Neelsen staining, culture on L.J media, Petroff’s concentration method, and DNA PCR method.