Evaluation of Acute Effects of Cadmium Toxicity on Serum Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin in Male Albino Wistar Rats Treated with Ethanol leaf Extracts of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Mangifera indica

Abstract

Acute impacts of heavy metal exposure on serum total protein (TP), albumin (AL) and globulin (GL) in male albino Wistar rats treated with ethanol leaf extracts of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Mangifera indica were evaluated. Twenty-five (25) animals (125-250 g) were randomly assigned five groups of five rats each. Groups 1-4 were orally administered with cadmium chloride (30 %) below its LD50, (267 mg/kg) each for three times at 2 days interval before treatment with the plant extracts. Groups 1 and 2 were later treated with 300 mg/kg of T. bangwensis and M. indica respectively. Group 3 was treated with 300 mg/kg combined extracts of the two plants at 50:50 dosage ratio while group 4 and 5 were not treated with the plant extracts and served as positive and normal control respectively. Animals in each group were allowed free access to commercial rat mash and water throughput two weeks of treatment which was done daily via oral route. After the fourteen (14) days experimentation, the results revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum total protein in group 2 and 3 when compared to group 1. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in group 1 compared to the positive and normal controls. Group 2 showed significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to groups 3 and 5. Group 3 showed significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to groups 4 and 5, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) in group 4 compared to group 5. Serum albumin level showed significant increase (P<0.05) in group 1 when compared to group 2 and 3, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to groups 4 and 5. Significant decrease in group 2 (P<0.05) when compared to group 4. Group 4 compared to group 5. Significant increase in serum albumin was revealed in group 4 when compared to group 5. Serum globulin recorded significant decrease (P<0.05) in group 1 compared to group 2 and 3, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group 4 and 5. Group 2 showed significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to groups 4 and 5. Group 3 recorded significant increase (P<0.05) in serum globulin when compared to Group 4, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group 5. The implications of these results are that human should not be exposed to heavy metals to avid toxicity, also if exposed the extracts used could be administered to ameliorate.