UV-B Radiation-Induced Stress and Mutagenesis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Physiological, Biochemical, and Genetic Perspectives

Abstract

Further people have become aware that the ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays (280–315 nm) impact the development of plants and overall yield, particularly in the context of global warming. Because various varieties of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a crop extensively valued worldwide for its nutritional and financial benefits, behave differently to UV-B exposure, it is clear that importance genetic diversity is in adaptability to stress. This review compiles recent research on chickpea cultivars' response and adaptations to UV-B radiation. It focuses attention to the genetic, psychological, biological, and structural mechanisms that support stress tolerance. The destruction of the genome and changes caused on by ultraviolet (UV) rays may change gene expression and result in changes in response to stress traits. Plant growth and production are ultimately affected by the physical impacts of ultraviolet (UV) rays on systems like transpiration, irrigation, and nutrient uptake. Normal plants' ability to operate physically is typically affected by higher UV-B radiation level. It can reduce water-use efficiency, stomatal pores formation and metabolic productivity, every one of which slow down biomass production and eventually affect production. Still, genotypes that are more sensitive to UV-B rays have the capacity to handle these challenges. By turning on effective sunscreen mechanisms and altering standards as needed to preserve essential functions, they promote continued development. the context of addition to morphological and biological variations, chickpea plants have significant structural modifications that avoid UV-B damage. These consist of more developed cuticle (the waxy outer layer), larger leaves, and an altered roots and shoots structure. These major modifications enhance the plant's ability to soak up nutrients, water, and sunlight, all of which assist it handle stress. Future studies should focus on discovering and enhancing inherited characteristics that enhance protection from UV-B radiation.