Transition in Broiler Production: The Technological Breakthrough of Environment Controlled Rearing in Kolar District, Karnataka, India

Abstract

This study examines the transition from conventional poultry farming to Environment Controlled (EC) systems in the Kolar district of Karnataka during the period of October to December 2024, with a focus on evaluating key performance indicators such as feed conversion ratio (FCR), profitability, mortality rates, energy consumption, and flocking density. Data were collected through expert consultations and discussions with poultry integrators. The findings indicate significant improvements in operational efficiency: FCR improved from 1.9 to 1.5, mortality rates declined from 11 per cent to 5 per cent, and flocking density increased from 7–9 to 13–15 birds per square meter. Furthermore, reductions in water usage and labor requirements were observed, alongside shorter broiler growth cycles (32–35 days), facilitating an increased number of production cycles annually. Theoretically, the study contributes to literature on sustainable livestock practices, while its practical implications highlight the potential of EC systems to enhance farm productivity and resource use efficiency. The originality of the study lies in its empirical analysis of EC adoption in a regional context. However, further research is recommended to explore long-term impacts and the broader applicability of EC technologies in varied agricultural settings.