Tourism and Population Growth in North-central Nigeria: A Study of Sustainable Economic Development and Indigenous Cultural Preservation

Abstract

As tourism gains traction as a tool for economic diversification in Nigeria, North-Central Nigeria, a region rich in indigenous cultures and ecological assets is increasingly being positioned for tourism-led development. However, the region simultaneously experiences steady population growth, urban sprawl, and socio-economic transformation, posing risks to the sustainability of its cultural and natural heritage. This study sought to critically examine the interface between tourism development and population dynamics in North-Central Nigeria, with a focus on balancing economic advancement and indigenous cultural preservation. Anchored in the Sustainable Development and Cultural Landscape frameworks, the study employed a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to tourism operators, local residents, and planning authorities, while qualitative insights were gathered via key informant interviews and focus group discussions. SPSS was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, including correlation and regression techniques to examine relationships between tourism activities, population trends, and perceptions of cultural erosion. NVivo facilitated thematic coding and triangulation of qualitative data. Findings reveal that while tourism offers significant economic opportunities particularly in ecotourism, heritage festivals, and community-based ventures rapid population growth and urban encroachment pose existential risks to cultural authenticity, local participation, and the carrying capacity of key heritage sites. The study further identifies policy fragmentation, weak institutional frameworks, and inadequate stakeholder coordination as critical impediments to sustainable tourism.