Therapeutic Potential of Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae) Leaf Extract against Salmonella Typhi in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Aims: The present study find drugs based on plant extracts to alleviate the increase in mortality (10% in developing countries) and morbidity linked to typhoid fever, antityphoid and antioxidant activities of the hydroethanolic extract 95% of the leaves of Solanum torvum as well as the side effects were evaluated in vivo. Study Design: This study was a preclinical experimental investigation combining in vitro and in vivo approaches. Place and Duration of Study: the study were conducted in the laboratory of the University of Dschang and the animal house of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Cameroon for 16 days treatment. Methodology: Antityphoid activity was assessed by the blood culture method in Wistar albino rates artificially infected with Salmonella Typhi ATCC 6539 and treated at doses 2.5; 5 and 10 mg/kg. In order to detect the side effects to which a patient who consumes this extract could be exposed, some tissues markers have been highlighted, as well as the hematological parameters and parameters linked to oxidative stress such as catalase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were evaluated in animals after treatment. Results: The study showed that administration of the extract at doses of 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/kg body weight has successfully cured infected animals after 7, 9 and 11 days of treatment respectively. The extracts dose-dependently normalized all hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters that were predominantly altered by the infection. Among the doses tested, 10 mg/kg followed by the dose 5 mg/kg was the most effective in correcting side effects of the infection. While the dose 10 mg/kg exhibited some side effects, they were significantly milder compared to other doses, highlighting its relatively safer profile. Conclusion: the 95% hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum torvum could be a good candidate for the formulation of a traditionally improved drug in the management of patients suffering from typhoid fever.