The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Oseghale, Ikalo David, Ikokwu, Godwin Mmaduabuchi, Ugoagwu, Kingsley Ugonna, Elizabeth Anuoluwa Akintayo, Matthew Gyang, Okiki Nosiru Quadri, Catherine Rono, Osedebamen Hilary Ralph-Okhiria, Odunvbun Praise
Journal of Cancer and Tumor International · pp. 126–154 · Published 29 May 2025
10.9734/jcti/2025/v15i2297Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the complex ecosystem surrounding a tumor. It is a complex and continuously evolving entity. The TME comprises a variety of complex components, such as cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, that precisely regulate the interaction of tumor cells with other components, allowing tumor cells to continue to metastasize, escape immune surveillance, resist apoptosis, and proliferate. Researchers believe that the TME is not just a silent bystander but instead an active promoter of cancer progression. At the onset of tumor growth, a dynamic and reciprocal relationship is developed between cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment; this relationship supports cancer cell survival, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination. In this article, we discuss the role of the various components of the TME in the progression and metastasis of cancer, the pathways influenced by the TME, and the drugs that can treat tumors by targeting the components of the TME.
Cited by 1
1 citation reported by external sources — individual citing-article records aren't available to list yet.
Related research
- Does Pain Adversely Affect the Quality of Life in Hospitalized Cancer Patients? — shares topic coverage
- Complementary Medicine Intervention in Breast Cancer Patients with Pain — shares topic coverage
- Use of Performance Status Score for Cytotoxic Chemotherapy among Surgeons in a Tertiary Hospital, Southern Nigeria — shares topic coverage
- Breast Self Examination and Cancer Awareness among Female Staff in Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State (Knowledge and Practice) — shares topic coverage
- Assessment of Cancer Risk from Fluorscopic Bile Duct Examinations at Sanjiwani Hospital, Gianyar — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
0
Page views
0
PDF downloads
0
Outbound clicks
1
Citations
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
No views recorded yet.
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
No traffic recorded yet.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.