The Hepatoprotective Potential and Renal Function Analysis of Chrysophylum albidum Leaf Extract in Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Rats

Abstract

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) can produce experimental hepatic injury accompanied by alterations in haematological, lipid, renal, and hepatic indices. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum in CCl₄-induced male albino rats. Thirty-two rats were assigned to four groups of eight animals. Group I received feed and potable water, whereas Group II received feed, potable water, and CCl₄. Groups III and IV received CCl₄ followed by 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract, respectively. Haematological indices, lipid profile, renal function indices, and liver function markers were assessed. Compared with the CCl₄-induced positive control, extract-treated rats showed significantly higher red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, platelet counts, sodium, chloride, total protein, and albumin values (p<0.05), together with significantly lower white blood cell counts, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin values (p<0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol also increased in the treated groups. The observed changes were generally more favourable at the tested doses than in the untreated CCl₄ group. These findings suggest that C. albidum leaf extract may ameliorate selected haematological and biochemical alterations associated with CCl₄-induced hepatic injury in rats. Further studies incorporating histopathology, oxidative-stress markers, extract standardisation, and a standard hepatoprotective control are required.