Technological Advances in Soil Nutrient Management for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity and Global Food Security

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture is critical to ensuring food security and environmental conservation, but conventional nutrient management strategies relying on chemical fertilizers have led to soil degradation and pollution. The transition to a regenerative model is urgently needed to address environmental degradation and meet rising food demands. This review synthesizes cutting-edge technological advances in soil nutrient management to enhance sustainable agricultural productivity and global food security. Amid declining nutrient use efficiency (<50%) and disrupted nitrogen-phosphorus cycles, we transition from extractive to regenerative paradigms using precision tools. The 4R stewardship framework evolves with isoscape mapping and sensor fusion, enabling real-time monitoring of NO3- and K+ via Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistors. Variable Rate Technology leverages kriging for geospatial heterogeneity, while nanotechnology (e.g., hydroxyapatite nanoparticles) and controlled-release fertilizers optimize delivery per Fick’s diffusion laws. Biological innovations like bio-priming with Pseudomonas fluorescens, CRISPR- NRT1.1 transporters, and organic acid exudation address legacy phosphorus fixation. Integrated Nutrient Management synergises humic substances with urea, reducing volatilisation. Digital twins, AI models, hyperspectral remote sensing, and satellite imagery predict mineralisation and distinguish stresses. Fertigation, struvite recovery, micronutrient fortification, and nitrification inhibitors mitigate N2O emissions (GWP 298× CO2) and support carbon sequestration via soil stoichiometry. These strategies close yield gaps within planetary boundaries, fostering a circular economy.