Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Rivers State

Abstract

Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) has become a significant health concern, especially among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Determining the prevalence of OBI among this population is crucial for informing targeted screening and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI among people living with HIV/AIDS in Rivers State, Nigeria, and to assess potential demographic and clinical factors associated with OBI/HIV comorbidity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 HIV-positive individuals attending healthcare facilities in Rivers State from May to July 2021. Blood samples were collected, and serum samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) to detect OBI. Demographic and clinical data were also collected from participants. Results: Among the 392 participants, the overall prevalence of OBI was found to be 0.5%. Age-specific analysis revealed a higher prevalence among individuals aged 30-50 years. No statistically significant associations were observed between OBI/HIV comorbidity and marital status, educational status, employment status, or sex. Conclusion: The study highlights a low prevalence of OBI among HIV/AIDS patients in Rivers State, Nigeria, with specific age-related patterns. While no significant associations were found with demographic factors, the findings underscore the importance of targeted screening efforts, particularly among middle-aged individuals. Future research with larger sample sizes and comprehensive risk factor assessments is recommended to elucidate further the burden and determinants of OBI among this population, ultimately contributing to more effective prevention and control strategies.