Species Diversity in Coastal Homegardens of Kerala, India: A Study Across Agro-ecological Units (AEUs)

Abstract

This study examines the biodiversity of coastal homegardens in Kerala, focusing on crop and regional diversity across Agro-Ecological Units (AEUs). Using the Shannon-Weiner index, the study found crop diversity values ranging from 0.347 for tubers to 0.998 for fruits, influenced by local ecology, cultural practices, and socio-economic factors. Biodiversity indices for Courtyard, Mid-region, and Outer region were 1.117, 1.433, and 1.255, respectively, with overall biodiversity indices of 1.058, 1.159, and 1.547 for AEU 1, AEU 3, and AEU 4. Statistical analysis yielded an F value of 0.961 and a P value of 0.4345, indicating no significant difference in biodiversity indices across the regions within homegardens studied. The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between personal and social factors of coastal homegarden farmers and biodiversity. Education, information source utilization, and economic motivation were significantly correlated with biodiversity at the 0.05 level, while market orientation showed a stronger correlation at the 0.01 level. The study underscores the need for collaborative efforts to enhance biodiversity through crop diversification, agroforestry, and support for small-scale and marginalized farmers.