Soil Erosion Rate and Surface Run Off on Various Forms of Culture

Abstract

Cultivation is one of the agricultural systems that is  mostly carried out by forest village communities living in and around the watershed area by slashing, cutting and burning forest trees. This study aimed to determine the rate of erosion and runoff from the cultivation type in Olonjonge sub-watershed, Dolago watershed, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.The method used was a multislot divisor on a plot measuring 2 m x 15 m with 3 repetitions on 3 types of cultivation (peanut, corn and cocoa monoculture (3 years old) on land with a steep slope (25-40%). The largest surface runoff came from peanut land at 79,689.77 liters ha-1 followed by corn at 65,704.55 liters ha-1 and the smallest from cocoa monoculture (3 years old) at 56,385.23 liters ha-1, while the highest erosion occurred at peanut land area of ​​195.52 kg ha-1 followed by corn field of 165.26 kg ha-1, and cocoa monoculture (3 years old) of kg ha-1. Cocoa planting was more effective in protecting the soil from rain with  the potential to protect the soil from erosion and surface runoff.