Sub-chronic Oral Administration of Aqueous Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extract Modulates Hematological and Coagulation Parameters in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Ocimum gratissimum (OG), a widely utilized medicinal herb, has limited documentation regarding its effects on hematological and coagulation parameters. This study investigated the sub-chronic impact of aqueous OG leaf extract on blood indices and clotting time in male Wistar rats. Rats (n = 5 per group) received daily oral doses of 0 (control), 450, 600, or 750 mg/kg body weight of OG extract for 28 days. Hematological parameters—red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and white blood cell count (WBC)—were evaluated alongside coagulation profile assessed by the capillary tube clotting time method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in RBC and Hb levels, suggesting erythropoietic stimulation. WBC counts also rose significantly at 600 and 750 mg/kg doses. Interestingly, the 600 mg/kg group exhibited a marked prolongation in clotting time, indicating a potential anticoagulant effect of OG at this dosage. These findings suggest that OG extract modulates hematological parameters and may exert anticoagulant activity. This effect, especially at higher doses, highlights the need for cautious use, as excessive anticoagulation could increase the risk of bleeding in susceptible individuals or those on blood-thinning medications. Further mechanistic investigations are warranted to fully understand these interactions.