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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Research Progress and Application of Planar Three-dimensional Force Sensor Technology

ZHU Jiajing, SUN Li, WANG Haibo

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports · pp. 353–366 · Published 17 Sep 2025

10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i91646

Abstract

Plane three-dimensional force sensor, as a key sensing device that can simultaneously measure the force or moment in three orthogonal directions of X, Y and Z in three-dimensional space, has shown great application value in the fields of robotics, medical equipment, industrial automation and aerospace in recent years. In this paper, the latest research progress of planar three-dimensional force sensor is systematically reviewed, including its working principle, design type, application field and future development trend. Through the comprehensive analysis of current technology, the challenges in signal decoupling, precision improvement, flexibility and mass manufacturing are pointed out, and the future development direction of deep integration with artificial intelligence and new material technology is prospected.

Three-dimensional force sensor flexible sensing force sensor technology

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