Nutritional and Antinutritional Evaluation of the Pulp and Seed of Terminalia catappa l. (Tropical Almond) Fruit and Physicochemical Properties of Its Seed Oil

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed at determining the nutritional and antinutritional composition of the pulp and seeds as well as physicochemical characteristics of the seed oil of Terminalia catappa L. (tropical almond). Methodology: The analyses were done in the Agroecology and life science laboratory of the University of Buea between June 2023 and May 2024. The experimental design was employed. Oil was extracted using soxhlet method. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used for nutritional and antinutritinal analyses; while gas chromatography and titrimetry were used to analyse the fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of the seed oil respectively.  Results: Results revealed that the seeds recorded more concentrated energy (596.28 Kcal/100g) than the pulps (403.42 Kcal/100g). Total phenolic (133.70 ± 0.15 mg/100g), tannin (77.90 ± 0.01 mg/100g), oxalate (15.01 ± 0.01 mg/100g) and phytic acid (2.81 ± 0.06 mg/100g) contents were displayed by the pulp and 29.70 ± 0.25, 18.00 ± 0.07, 20.92 ± 0.07 and 1.88 ± 0.01 mg/100g, respectively for seeds. The abundant minerals in the pulp were K, Ca, Na, and P, those in the seeds were Mg, K, P and Fe. The Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value, Peroxide value and P-anisdine value of the seed oil were 2.24 ± 1.16 mgKOH/g, 222.2 ± 3.11 mgKOH/g, 78.50 ± 0.54 gI2/100g, 5.50 ± 0.71 mEq/kg and 3.65 ± 0.23, respectively. Fatty acid profiling showed 66.68% unsaturated fatty acids of which 19.86% and 9.81% were linoleic and linolenic, respectively and 33.32% saturated. Conclusion: The pulps and seeds of T. catappa have a significantly high content of macro and micronutrients that can meet up the nutritional needs of a population and the quality assessment of the oil suggests that it can be recommended as suitable for industrial usage.