Production, Characterization and Industrial Applications of Cellulase Derived from Agro-waste

Abstract

Agricultural wastes are widely available in the form of crop residues (residual stalks, straw, leaves, roots, husks, sheaths, bagasse etc.). Significant amount of these by-products derived from agro-processing industries goes to waste. Improper disposition of such agricultural waste contributes to environmental pollution and supports the growth of several micro-organisms. These wastes are lignocellulosic in nature and it could be recycled or further processed to extract or formulate value added products. Utilization and disposal of such agricultural waste is therefore essential and is progressively gaining attention as we drive towards a greener environment. The present review is focused on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for cellulases production and its applications. Cellulose is considered one of the most important sources of carbon and its annual biosynthesis occurs in many tonnes per annum. Recycling of agricultural residue can be achieved naturally and artificially by microorganisms. Aerobic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and some anaerobic organisms have been found to have the capability to degrade some or most of the constituents of these residues. Fungi play a significant role in the degradation of cellulose under aerobic conditions. Cellulases are important enzymes not only for their valuable applications in different sectors like food processing, animal feed production, pulp and paper production, detergent and textile industry, but also for the significant role in bioconversion of agriculture wastes to sugar and bio-ethanol.