Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urolithiasis in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP)is due to damage occurring to the developing brain. This damage can occur during pregnancy, delivery, the first month of life, or less commonly in early childhood. Cerebral palsy is one of the most common causes of physical disability in childhood. Rates of cerebral palsy appear to be similar in both the developing and developed world.  The overall CP morbidity rate will automatically increase unless a substantially improved outcome in survivors can be achieved. Children with CP are predisposed to many complications including renal stones. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was detection of prevalence and risk factors of urolithiasis in children with cerebral palsy. Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional case control study was conducted on forty children suffering from cerebral palsy who were attending the Pediatric Neurology Unit of Tanta University Hospital through the period from March 2018 to March 2019. Forty age and sex matched children were taken as a control group. Inclusion Criteria: Children suffering from different types of cerebral palsy at any age. Exclusion Criteria: Children whose parents refuse to participate in the study, children receiving drugs that can cause renal stones. A- Hematological Investigations:  Total serum calcium, serum uric acid, serum creatinine. B- Urinary: Complete urine analysis, urine culture,and urinary chemistry. C - Imaging Study: Plain X-ray of abdomen.  Pelvic and renal ultrasonography. Results: Renal stone were detected in 12.5% of children with CP. Urinary tract infection, immobilization, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and hyperuricemia were the risk factors detected in this study. Conclusion:Children with CP are liable to develop renal stones more than normal children.