Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and/or Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Leaves Aqueous Extracts Role in Opposition to Drinking Contaminated Water Induced Male Rats Urinary Stones and Renal Deteriorations

Alyae M. S. Gabal

Annual Research & Review in Biology · pp. 52–65 · Published 12 Nov 2020

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1130299

Abstract

Aims: The current research was designed to explore the role of basil and/or celery leaves aqueous extracts against urinary stones (urolithiasis) and renal deteriorations induced by drinking water contaminated with ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) in male rats. Place and Duration of Study: The Medical Research Center of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. The experiment duration was 35 days, 7 days for acclimatization followed by 28 days experimentation. Methodology: Fifty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified randomly into 5 groups of ten animals each, except urolithiatic control group which contained 15 rats. Rats were treated as follow: Group I: healthy control group (HCG), rats drank distilled water and received a placebo 1 ml distilled water daily by intra-gastric tube ; Group II: urolithiatic control group (UCG), rats drank distilled water containing ( 0.75% EG and 1% AC ) and the access to water was ad libitum and received 1 ml distilled water daily by intra-gastric tube.; Group III : urolithiatic rats supplemented with aqueous basil extract(U+ABE), rats drank distilled water containing ( 0.75% EG and 1% AC) and the access to water was ad libitum and supplemented with (200mg/kg body weight) aqueous basil extract daily by intra-gastric tube.; Group IV: urolithiatic rats supplemented with aqueous celery extract(U+ACE), rats drank distilled water containing ( 0.75% EG and 1% AC) and the access to water was ad libitum and supplemented with (200mg/kg body weight) aqueous celery extract daily by intra-gastric tube. ; Group V: urolithiatic rats supplemented with aqueous basil and celery extract(U+ABE+ACE) , rats drank distilled water containing ( 0.75% EG and 1% AC) and the access to water was ad libitum and supplemented with (100mg/kg body weight) aqueous basil extract and (100mg/kg body weight) aqueous celery extract daily by intra-gastric tube. At the end of the study 28 days, 24 h urine samples were collected from each individual animal and then rats were sacrificed under sodium barbiturate anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the hepatic portal vein, serum was separated for biochemical analyses. Kidney samples were separated for tissue homogenate preparation, urinary bladder and ureters were separated and opened to collect urinary calculi. Results: Research results documented that basil and celery aqueous extracts contain significant amount of active constituents including flavonoids and polyphenols.  Drinking water contaminated with EG and AC caused significant decrease (p≤0.01) in urine volume, pH, urinary and renal magnesium levels with significant increase (p≤0.01) in urinary and renal calcium, phosphate and oxalate levels. It also caused significant increase in kidney function tests [serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, as well as cystatin C] levels .Also renal enzyme activities of [acidic phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] activities were significantly increased (p≤0.01) with significant decrease in renal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Water contamination also induced renal mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased complex-1 activity), apoptosis (increased caspase-3 activity) in association with a state of renal oxidative stress [increased renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level related to decreased renal reduced glutathione (GSH)level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity].Inflammation [increased renal tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin 18 (IL-18)] with suppressed immune function [decreased serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM)] levels were observed in urolithiatic control group. As a result of biochemical changes resulted from EG and AM administration mineral precipitation and urinary stones formation was observed in urolithiatic control group. Oral administration of aqueous basil and /or celery extracts to urolithiatic rats improved urine analysis parameters, renal functions, renal enzymes activities and mitochondrial function. Aqueous extracts also counteracted renal oxidative stress, inflammation, suppressed immune response and urinary stones formation. Conclusion: Research results proved that aqueous basil and/or celery extracts counteracted and ameliorated urinary stones formation and renal deteriorations associated with drinking water contaminated with EG and AC due to their content of active constituents including flavonoids and polyphenols. The most significant improvements were recorded in the group supplemented with both extracts.

Water contamination ethylene glycol ammonium chloride urolithiasis renal deteriorations basil celery aqueous extracts.

References (34)

  1. 1 Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione.
  2. 2 A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression [DOI]
  3. 3 [43] Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid Peroxidation [DOI]
  4. 4 The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen [DOI]
  5. 5 Polyphenols: Extraction Methods, Antioxidative Action, Bioavailability and Anticarcinogenic Effects [DOI]
  6. 6 Drinking water contamination and treatment techniques [DOI]
  7. 7 Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. [DOI]
  8. 8 Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. [DOI]
  9. 9 Urinary IL-18 is an early predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery [DOI]
  10. 10 Effect of Principal Polyphenolic Components in Relation to Antioxidant Characteristics of Aged Red Wines [DOI]
  11. 11 Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure Is Associated with an Increase in the Cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and Neutrophil Infiltration in the Kidney [DOI]
  12. 12 Reversible Glutathionylation of Complex I Increases Mitochondrial Superoxide Formation [DOI]
  13. 13 Chapter 5 Assaying mitochondrial respiratory complex activity in mitochondria isolated from human cells and tissues [DOI]
  14. 14 SPSS Programming And Data Management: A Guide For SPSS And SAS Users
  15. 15 Pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in U.S. surface and finished drinking waters: A proposed ranking system [DOI]
  16. 16 Protective effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia roots against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats [DOI]
  17. 17 Prophylaxis of calcium oxalate stones by Herniaria hirsuta on experimentally induced nephrolithiasis in rats [DOI]
  18. 18 Sandwich enzyme immunoassay of cystatin C in serum with commercially available antibodies [DOI]
  19. 19 Antiurolithiatic Effects of Solanum xanthocarpum Fruit Extract on Ethylene-Glycol-Induced Nephrolithiasis in Rats [DOI]
  20. 20 Catechin prevents the calcium oxalate monohydrate induced renal calcium crystallization in NRK-52E cells and the ethylene glycol induced renal stone formation in rat [DOI]
  21. 21 Animal models of urinary stone disease [DOI]
  22. 22 Effect of Apium graveolens Extract Administration on the Pharmacokinetics of Captopril in the Plasma of Rats [DOI]
  23. 23 Effects of aqueous extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves on spermatogenesis in healthy male rats.
  24. 24 Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats [DOI]
  25. 25 Antiulcer effect of amlodipine and its interaction with H2blocker and proton pump inhibitor in pylorus ligated rats [DOI]
  26. 26 The effects of Urtica dioica L. ethanolic extract against urinary calculi in rats [DOI]
  27. 27 Retracted: miR‐145 eliminates lipopolysaccharides‐induced inflammatory injury in human fibroblast‐like synoviocyte MH7A cells [DOI]
  28. 28 Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum linn.) Extract Decreases Total Cholesterol Levels in Hypercholesterolemia Sprague Dawley Rats Model [DOI]
  29. 29 Anti-urolithiatic activity of Solanum nigrum hydroalcoholic extract in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats [DOI]
  30. 30 Ethylene Glycol Toxicity in the Setting of Recurrent Ingestion: A Case Report and Literature Review [DOI]
  31. 31 Anti-Urolithiatic Evaluation of Siddha formulation Seenakara Parpam against Zinc Disc Implantation induced Urolithiasis in Wistar Albino Rats [DOI]
  32. 32 Renal Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and L-carnitine Extracts against Pentylenetetrazol Induced Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Injury and Proliferation Alternation in Epileptic Rats [DOI]
  33. 33 Evaluation of antiurolithiatic effects of Parmelia perlata against calcium oxalate calculi in hyperoxaluric rats [DOI]
  34. 34 EVALUATION OF TOCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS SEED EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON OXYTOCIN INDUCED PRETERM LABOR [DOI]

Cited by 6

Chemical Composition, Antifungal, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Apium graveolens L. (Celery) Leaves Essential Oil Collected from Nainital, Uttarakhand

Anita Rana, Pushpa Bhakuni Negi, Ankita H.C. Tripathi · Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants · 2022

Formulation and activity test of ethanol extract spray preparation of celery leaves (Apium Graveolens L) as ınsecticide against mosquitoes

Ismail Ismail, Ade Nurkhotimah, Muhammad Basri · Journal of Research in Pharmacy · 2025

Showing 2 of 6 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

39

Page views

0

PDF downloads

12

Outbound clicks

6

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.