Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Toxic Effect of Melanthera scandens Leaf Extracts Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Test

I. E. Daniel, U. S. Ekam

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research · pp. 1–7 · Published 25 Oct 2016

10.9734/JOCAMR/2016/29842

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of the crude extracts of Melanthera scandens leaves extracts using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) test in order to substantiate the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant in the treatment of different illnesses. Methodology: Extractions of the dried powdered leaves of Melanthera scandens by maceration was carried out using ethanol and distilled water. All the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard methods while the toxicity of the extracts was evaluated using Brine Shrimp lethality assay. The percentage lethality (mortality) of the brine shrimp were evaluated in six different concentrations; 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25 µg/ml and the lethal concentration LC50 for 50% mortality of brine shrimp after 24 h of exposure to the extracts was determined. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins and cardiac glycosides in both extracts. However, tannins and flavonoids were present in the aqueous extracts while phlobatanins and terpenes/steroids were detected in the ethanol extract. The Brine Shrimp lethality assay revealed that ethanol and aqueous extracts were effective against brine shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 173.78 µg/ml and 331.13 µg/ml respectively. It was also observed that maximum mortalities took place at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml whereas least mortalities were at 31.25 μg/ml concentration. Conclusion: Results of the phytochemical screening indicated that bioactive phytoconstituents were present in this plant and that the ethanol extract showed better toxicity against brine shrimp with LC50 value 173.78 µg/ml when compared to aqueous extract with LC50 value of 331.13 µg/ml. As a result of this, ethanol extract may be considered significantly active and have the potential for further investigation.  

Phytochemical analysis brine shrimp lethality toxicity tannins flavonoids

References (16)

  1. 1 Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General Bioassay for Active Plant Constituents [DOI]
  2. 2 Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants [DOI]
  3. 3 THE JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY [DOI]
  4. 4 Phytochemical Methods [DOI]
  5. 5 Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus [DOI]
  6. 6 Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites [DOI]
  7. 7 The Ethnobotanical Approach to Drug Discovery [DOI]
  8. 8 A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitrocytotoxicity in marine natural products [DOI]
  9. 9 Comparative study of the assay of and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts [DOI]
  10. 10 Natural Product Drug Discovery and Development: New Perspectives on International Collaboration [DOI]
  11. 11 A search for natural bioactive compounds in Bolivia through a multidisciplinary approach. Part V. Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of plants used by the Tacana Indians [DOI]
  12. 12 Prescription for Nutritional Healing
  13. 13 Anti–inflammatory and analgesic activities of Melanthera scandens [DOI]
  14. 14 Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Melanthera scandens [DOI]
  15. 15 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, NUTRITIONAL/ANTI-NUTRITIONAL AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITIONS OF NIGERIA MELANTHERA SCANDENS
  16. 16 Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Melanthera scandens (Schum. et Thonn.) Roberty

Cited by 7

Antidiabetic and toxicity activities of Cinchona ledgeriana leaves extracts

A. Sundowo, Minarti, Galuh Widiyarti · PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019 · 2019

Identification of Chemical Constituents and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract and Fractions of the Leaf of Melanthera scandens (Schum. et Thonn.) Roberty

J. Adesanwo, I. Ajayi, O. Ajayi · Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology · 2019

Chemical, Toxicity and Antibacterial Studies on Methanol Extracts of Melanthera scandens, Ageratum conyzoides, Aspilia africana and Syndrella nodiflora

J. Adesanwo, Clifford O. Egbomeade, D. Moronkola · Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology · 2019

Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Potential of Pittosporum pentandrum (Mamalis) Crude Leaf Extract Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

S. Ocal, R. Ferrer, Karla Namoc · 2018

Phytochemical Profile, Toxicity, and Pharmacological Potential of Peels from Four Species of Tropical Fruits

L. D. Chel-Guerrero, E. Sauri-Duch, M. Fragoso-Serrano · Journal of Medicinal Food · 2018

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TOXICITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA BELLERICA

S. Elavarasi, Horne Iona Averal, C. Ignatius · 2019

Cytotoxicity Screening and Invitro Antioxidant Potential of NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS Leaf Extract

Solomon, G. Olubunmi, O. Martha · 2019

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

36

Page views

0

PDF downloads

4

Outbound clicks

7

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.