Pollen Analysis of Elaeis guineensis-Dominated Honeys in Lower Casamance: Floral Diversity and Honey Typology

Abstract

Background: A honey's pollen spectrum serves as an indicator for determining its place of origin in terms of vegetation resources. This data might be utilised to create pollen analytical standards, which would help certify honey. The melliferous plants are plant species on which the bee takes substances, including nectar, pollen and resin to feed and to develop its various products (honey, royal jelly...). Aim: The aim of this study was carried out to contribute to melliferous plants in Casamance (Senegal) : pollen spectrum of honeys with Elaeis guineensis dominant. Results: Pollen analysis of 14 samples of dominant Elaeis guineensis honey from Lower Casamance in the Ziguinchor region identified 25 plant taxa in 11 families foraging for bees. The species richness varied from 5 to 10 taxa per honey sample. The most representative families are Fabaceae with 7 species, followed by Malvaceae with 3 species, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Lamiaceae with 2 species and Avicenniaceae, Méliaceae, Asteraceae with 1 species. Pterocarpus erinaceus is present in 11 spectra including 7 spectra where it is isolated and in 3 spectra where it is isolated. It is the only taxon that is a companion pollen in 1 of the spectra. The most common taxa associated with Elaeis are Detarium senegalense, Daniellia oliveri and Myrtaceae. Conclusion: The data reflects the floral situation of the place were particular honey was produced and the identification of geographical origin based on the presence of a combination of pollen types of that particular area.