Phytochemical Profiling of Mysuru Mallige (Jasminum spp.) Buds and Flowers Using GC-MS: Implications for Aromatic and Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

Mysuru mallige (Jasminum spp.), a culturally and economically significant jasmine cultivar from Karnataka, India, is renowned for its unique fragrance and traditional uses in rituals and ornamental applications. Among its numerous cultivars, Mysuru mallige, holds a special place due to its distinctive scent and cultural significance in rituals, garland-making and ornamental uses. Its economic importance is evident in its protected status under the Geographical Indications (GI) registry of India, emphasizing its unique regional identity. Mysuru mallige (Jasminum spp.), a jasmine cultivar from Karnataka, India, is known for its unique fragrance and cultural importance. Despite its prominence, its phytochemical profile remains underexplored, especially concerning volatile constituents relevant to industrial and therapeutic applications. This study employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the volatile phytochemical constituents of its buds and flowers, extracted via microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). Linalool was the predominant compound, constituting 46.66% in buds and 47.23% in flowers, followed by (E)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate (19.26% in buds, 16.72% in flowers) and α-farnesene (14.15% in buds, 14.87% in flowers). Indole (2.11% in buds, 1.22% in flowers) and bud-specific myrtenyl formate (3.59%) were notable, while flower-specific compounds included α-muurolene (1.82%) and α-cadinol (0.46%). These compounds contribute to the characteristic aroma of Mysuru mallige and suggest potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The findings highlight the phytochemical diversity of Mysuru mallige, underscoring its potential in fragrance, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.