Phytochemical Composition, Antimalaria Properties and Effects of Anthocleista grandiflora Methanol Bark Extract on Haematological Indices in Mice

Abstract

This study investigated the hematological and antimalarial effects of Anthocleista grandiflora methanol bark extract in plasmodium berghei infected mice. The phytochemical analysis, quantitative analysis were determined using standard methods. Twenty albino mice were randomly divided into five groups of four mice each in which group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was induced but not treated, group 3 was induced and treated with chloroquine, group 4 and 5 were induced treated with the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg respectively) all for 8 days and their parasitemia level was checked by collecting their blood via tail cutting. Thin smears were prepared and viewed in a microscope. Results shows the presence of Alkaloids in large amounts, steroids, carbohydrates and tannins in moderate amounts, saponins in low amount while terpenes, anthraquinones, flavonoids and phlobatannins were absent. There was significant (p < 0.05) reduction of parasitemia level across the treated groups while group 2 showed a sustained malaria status in all the mice, confirming the anti-malariaproperties of themethanol extract. There were also improvements in the haematological parameters and decreased differential cell counts in the standard and extract treated groups indicating the ability of the methanol extract of A grandiflora to restore normal blood parameters amidst plasmodium inection.