Phytochemical Composition and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Psidium guajava against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaf extracts against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Kamdhenu University, Veraval during April 2024 to May 2024 Methodology: Ethanolic leaf extracts of Psidium guajava were evaluated for phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed, and antibacterial activity was assessed at different extract concentrations using the disc diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids in the guava leaf extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited clear antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, with inhibition zones increasing proportionally with extract concentration, indicating a dose-dependent effect. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the antibacterial potential of P. guajava leaf extracts and support their practical application as eco-friendly, plant-based antimicrobial agents for controlling Vibrio-related infections in aquaculture systems. This approach may help reduce dependence on synthetic antibiotics and contribute to sustainable aquaculture practices.